Double Green Process: a low environmental impact method for recycling of CdTe,a-Si and CIS/CIGS thin-film photovoltaic modules

On the basis of the method for managing the end of life of CdTe photovoltaic panels previously proposed by the authors, a new method for the recycling of all types of thin-film panels (CdTe, a-Si and CIS/CIGS) has been developed and optimised under a research project founded by Enel Foundation and CRUI Foundation. The DGP process has been developed through a feasibility study carried out from three points of view: technical, environmental and economic. The process is composed by two sub-processes matched to each other, one suitable for CdTe panels (named DGPa) and the other one for a-Si and CIS/CIGS panels (DGPb). The Double Green Panel process is based mainly on mechanical treatments with a minimum use of chemicals and it is characterised by a greater level of automation and a high flexibility in production capacity. The potential environmental impacts of various configurations of the DGP process have been extensively analysed with LCA tool in order to develop an environmentally friendly process. The economic feasibility has been assessed through the Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCFA) method. The revenues associated to the recovery of valuable and common materials and the recycling costs have been taken into account.     

水库抗旱调度分期特征确定方法研究

为在一定程度上减轻流域干旱损失,国家防汛抗旱总指挥部提出旱限水位的概念,并开展水库抗旱调度,降低干旱影响程度。旱限水位是水库低水位运行的控制性水位,其合理设置对提高区域水资源利用率意义重大,而水文气象特征在年内的阶段性变化要求基于旱限水位的水库管理应适应其变化特征。此次研究提出水库抗旱调度分期的确定方法,采用核主成分分析法提取指标的非线性特征,结合熵权法赋予指标权重后利用Fisher最优分割法对干旱的年内阶段性变化进行划分。以黄河流域刘家峡和小浪底水库为例,分期结果刘家峡水库分3期为:7月至9月,10月至3月,4月至6月;小浪底水库分3期为:7月至10月,11月至3月,4月至6月。     

空气污染天气过程与气象要素之间的关联性分析

随着经济和社会的不断发展,地球的环境正在遭受着严重的侵害,关于环境的问题也日益显现出来,比如全球变暖、雾霾等现象。本文分析了空气污染的因素、气象要素对空气质量的影响,并提出了防治空气污染的对策。     

Comparative analysis of data reduction techniques for questionnaire validation using self-reported driver behaviors

Introduction: Exploratory data reduction techniques, such as Factor Analysis (FA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are widely used in questionnaire validation with ordinal data, such as Likert Scale data, even though both techniques are indicated to metric measures. In this context, this study presents an e-survey, conducted to obtain self-reported behaviors between Brazilian drivers (N = 1,354, 55.2% of males) and Portuguese drivers (N = 348, 46.6% of males) based on 20 items from the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) on a five-point Likert Scale. This paper aimed to examine DBQ validation using FA and PCA compared to Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) which is more indicative to use with Likert Scale data. Results: The results from all techniques confirmed the most replicated factor structure of DBQ, distinguishing behaviors as errors, ordinary violations, and aggressive violation. However, after Varimax rotation, CATPCA explained 11% more variance compared to FA and 2% more than PCA. We identified cross-loadings among the component of the techniques. An item changed its dimension in the CATPCA results but did not change the structural interpretability. Individual scores from dimension 1 of CATPCA were significantly different from FA and PCA. Individual scores from factor 1 of CATPCA were significantly different from FA and PCA. Practical applications: The CATPCA seems to be more advantageous in order to represent the original data and considering data constrains. In addition to finding an interpretable factorial structure, the representation of the original data is regarded as relevant since the factor scores could be used for crash prediction in future analyses.     

黑龙江省农村垃圾现状分析及对策

黑龙江省作为中国东北方的农业大省,农村所占比例较大。随着农村经济的快速增长,所产生的垃圾也逐年增多,加之基础设施建设薄弱,缺乏成熟的垃圾处理技术,农村的垃圾问题已经成为我省"农村环境连片整治"必须要解决的一个重点问题。     

城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响评价研究

在分析城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响评价特点的基础上,结合相关评价指标体系,引入李克特量表法构建安全性评价量表,并基于物元理论对城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响进行评价。选择了成都市4条道路进行实例分析,得出了较为准确的城市光污染对驾驶安全性影响等级评价结果。     

东北地区畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排对策分析

论述了东北地区畜禽养殖业的污染现状,针对东北地区畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排的需要,从政策引导、清洁生产和全过程控污等方面提出了相应的污染物总量减排对策,并推荐合理可行和适合当地实际情况的畜禽养殖废物综合处理与资源化利用技术,为环保和农业部门的畜禽养殖业污染物总量减排工作提供一定参考。     

浅析吉林省危险废物经营许可证管理现状及政策建议

本文针对吉林省危险废物经营许可证颁发情况进行了分析,截止2011年底,颁发危险废物经营许可证63份,核准经营总规模为1095816吨,其中利用量为1010016吨,处置量为85800吨;总结归纳了危险废物经营单位规范化管理过程中发现的问题,并对吉林省危险废物经营许可证管理提出了合理化的意见和建议。     

上海市工业固体废物处理处置现状分析

详细分析了上海市一般工业固体废物及工业危险废物的产生及处理处置现状,提出:一般工业固废主要以资源化利用为主,危废处置企业实行末位淘汰,实现清洁生产;加强国家提倡的"三位一体"综合处理项目建设,实现集中处理、集中监管,降低运营成本;加强工业危废产生企业申报登记及转移的网络信息化管理,杜绝监管盲区。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的我国城市物质代谢效率评价

运用数据包络分析与麦氏指数(DEA-Malmquist),从"技术效率"、"技术变动效率"和"全要素生产率"三个方面,对我国34个城市从2005年到2007年的物质代谢效率进行实证分析,结果表明:物质代谢效率的总体水平不高,被评估的34个城市中有19个城市在评价期间是无效率的,主要分布在西部地区;并且整体而言,"全要素生产率"和"技术变动效率"要优于"技术效率";结果还表明:34个城市物质代谢的"技术效率"普遍处于中等水平,没有呈现出明显的空间分布差异,但是"技术变动效率"则在长三角地区的城市中体现出较为明显的优势,最后,提出了针对性的建议。